Implementation of Personnel Localization & Automation Network (PLAN) Using Internet of Things (IoT)

Personnel Localization and Automation Network (PLAN) is a system to monitor humans or object and gather information on location positioning in indoor and outdoor environments. Positioning an human in an indoor environment and retrieving the location can be achieved with the technologies like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi communication technology, Long RAnge (LoRA) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB). Outdoor positioning system obtains the location information in form of latitude and longitude coordinates with the technologies like GPS and GSM.

The technology used in indoor and outdoor positioning estimates the location of the human with sensing devices (sensors). The sensors are based on the firmware which communicates to the technology using protocols. Bluetooth technology achieves positioning with bluetooth enabled beacons like esp32, puck js and phones. Wi-Fi based positioning is achieved with wireless sensors like esp8266 (NodeMCU), Wi-Fi Bee. LoRA technology estimates the location with CentIoT - RFM95W-868S2 RFM95 LoRA ultra long range transceiver module. UWB technology locates the human with DWM1000 module. The indoor positioning technologies - BLE, Wi-Fi, LoRA and UWB obtain the indoor location of an human in form of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values. The outdoor positioning of an human is achieved with the technologies like GPS and GSM obtains the latitude and longitude information with GPS devices like Adafruit Flora GPS and Wio GPS Tracker.

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Investigations & implications on location tracking using RFID with Global Positioning Systems

Satellite is a celestial body revolving around planets to obtain information. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) is a space based navigational system that provides information about the entity it evolves. The objective of the proposed system is to identify an entity on any position on Earth. The methodology depends on a RFID based application that detects the location coordinates of the place where the entity is stationed. The latitude and longitude values are determined from the GPS for the specific RFID satellite tag. The RFID satellite tag is integrated to connect to the satellite. The exposed architecture of the methodology determines the position of the individual using location coordinates. The information is retrieved without time constraints and includes the last time zone leading to tracking and tracing the location of an entity. The procedure for connecting to the satellite, methods of calculating the distance, the process of obtaining the accurate timings, satellite positions and techniques for error corrections are discussed. A pseudo code to establish connection to a satellite and obtain the reference points of the location and time is stated. The implications of the location tracking algorithms are implemented and simulated using LabView system design and development software.

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Design & development of location identification using RFID with WiFi positioning systems

Localization of an article in a bounded area can be attained by WiFi Positioning System (WPS). WPS is used to identify entities inside the human habitation area using radio waves collected by smart devices. The proposed system focuses to track an individual in a bounded environment. The recognition of the entity can be achieved by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transponders. The RFID trackers accomplish fingerprinting with the Unique Device Identification (UDI). The procedure is deployed using an RFID sensor based application which pinpoints the location of the personnel inside architectural frameworks. The position co-ordinates in the indoor area can be using the WiFi technology. The mechanism is split into two sections - Data Collection and Position Identification. The data collection combines the location information acquired from the sensor technologies. The identification of an individual with RFID transponders which results in the tracking of the entity. The location information obtained from the sensors are without time constraints and is updated in the RFID readers and databases including the last time zone. Design and development of the application from connecting to the sensor devices, distance estimation between the sensor devices and the entities, retrieval of the exact position information are deliberated. The pseudo code to connect to the nearest sensor device and obtain the location information is stated. The mechanism of the position estimation algorithm is executed using LabVIEW system design and development software.

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